Carotid stenosis is a disease affecting the carotid artery causing the narrowing of lumen thus interrupting the blood flow thorough it. This may lead to stroke or cerebro vascular accident, by the blockage of the cerebral blood flow or blood supply to the brain. Carotid stenosis may also increase the chance for ischemic stroke by…
Bicuspid aortic valves may be present in as many as 1-2% of the population. Because the bicuspid valve may be entirely silent during infancy, childhood, and adolescence, these incidence figures may be underestimated and are not generally included in the overall incidence of congenital heart disease. Recent studies have proved this condition to have a…
Tetralogy of Fallot is a cyanotic congenital heart disease. TOF is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease, 10-15 % of the total. Tetralogy implies four anatomical abnormalities of heart: Ventricular Septal Defect: defect between the two bottom chambers(ventricles) of the heart Pulmonary Stenosis: Narrowing of the outflow tract from the right ventricle , the…
A congenital heart defect (CHD) is seen in the structure of the heart and the great vessels of a new born. Mostly all the cardiac diseases obstruct the flow of blood in the heart or the blood vessels or lead to improper flow of blood through the heart. Congenital Heart Disease can describe a number…
Patent Ductus Arteriosus(PDA) is an Acyanotic congenital heart disease, with shunting of blood from left side of heart to the right side. In foetus the blood circulation is different from that of the adults, where the blood being pumped from the right side of heart reaches the lungs and it gets oxygenated. In foetus, this…
The normal electrical conduction in the heart allows the impulse that is generated by the sinoatrial node(SA node), situated in the walls of right atrium of the heart to be propagated to and stimulate the muscle of the atria and ventricles(myocardium). The myocardium contracts after stimulation. It is the ordered stimulation of the myocardium that…
Mitral Regurgitation also known as mitral insufficiency or mitral incompetence is a disorder affecting the mitral valve of the heart. The cusps or flaps of the mitral valve do not seal tightly in this condition and causes a backflow of blood through the mitral valve from the left ventricle to the let atrium of the…
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy is a complex and common form of Heart disease that may be seen in 1 out of 500. It is a caused by the thickening of the Myocardium(Heart Muscle) which may have no obvious reasons. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy is found to be the major cause of sudden death in people under the age of…
The mitral valve is a two flapped valve which connects the two left chambers of the heart, the left atrium and the left ventricle and in it’s normal operation prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricle into the atrium. In the typical cardiac cycle during left ventricular diastole i.e. when the left ventricle is…
An Echocardiogram or also known as Ultra Sound is a non invasive, painless and risk free test to evaluate the valves and chambers of the heart. Sound waves are used to create a moving picture of the heart. There is no radiation involved in this procedure. A transducer that transmits high frequency sound wave is…